The coastal plains represent an invaluable treasure of the ecological diversity of our planet. These coastal regions are home to remarkable fauna and flora, characterized by a delicate interdependence and a fragile balance. Numerous challenges are posed for their preservation, ranging from growing urbanization to coastal erosion. Whether through education, awareness, or concrete actions, it is crucial to understand and protect these ecosystems for future generations.

The ecological challenges of coastal plains

Human occupation of coastal territories is increasing worryingly. Within 500 meters of the shore, nearly 30% of land is transformed by human activity, compared to only 8% at a distance of 5 to 10 km from the ocean. This figure is significantly higher than the national average, which stands at about 6%. Human impact on these natural areas leads to immense pressure on local ecosystems.

Furthermore, coastal areas find themselves on the front lines of climate change. With rising sea levels and intensifying storms, occurrences of marine inundation and coastal erosion are intensifying. In France, about 1.5 million people live in areas potentially exposed to flood risks due to marine inundation, mainly along the East English Channel – North Sea and Mediterranean coasts.

Impacts of coastal erosion

The effects of erosion on coastal plains manifest in the loss of many land areas. Nearly 30 km² of land have been swallowed by the sea over the past 50 years. This affects not only the natural environment but also human dwellings and infrastructures. In the absence of adaptation measures, nearly 50,000 homes not located in current low-lying areas could be submerged by the sea by 2100. Including low-lying coastal areas, this number could reach 450,000.

The importance of biodiversity in the coastal plain

The biodiversity of the coastal plain plays a fundamental role in maintaining ecological balance. It contributes to climate regulation, oxygen production, and protection against storms. Salt marshes, coral reefs, and mangroves are just a few examples of these extraordinary environments.

The ecosystems of marshes

Marshes play a crucial role in water purification and provide habitat for a wide variety of plant and animal species. In France, the Guînes marshes are a perfect example of these essential wetlands. They provide refuge for migratory birds and serve as carbon sinks, thus contributing to mitigating the effects of climate change.

The challenges of urbanization of coastal plains

Rapid urbanization and the development of human infrastructures exert considerable pressure on coastal ecosystems. These human activities alter the natural landscape, leading to habitat destruction and loss of biodiversity. The growth of cities along the coasts, primarily in the densely populated regions of the East English Channel and the Mediterranean, exacerbates the situation.

Solutions for sustainable development

Adopting sustainable management practices can help mitigate the negative effects of urbanization on coastal plains. Innovation in marine biotechnology plays a key role in this transition, enabling the restoration of natural habitats and ensuring the long-term viability of coastal ecosystems.

Local initiatives for conservation

Many local initiatives aim to protect and restore the ecosystems of coastal plains. Among these efforts, Natura 2000 programs and other conservation actions play a vital role in collaborating with local communities to establish common goals and ensure the sustainability of the coastal environment.

The importance of awareness

To successfully protect the coastal plains, public awareness of the importance of these ecosystems is crucial. Through educational campaigns and guided tours such as those organized in the Seudre marshes, it is possible to inform and engage the public in the active preservation of these precious habitats.